Paula Viñas
José de Felippe Junior

Complementary and alternative medicine in gastroenterology: the good, the bad, and the ugly.

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol;2(11):957-67, 2004 Nov Koretz RL; Rotblatt M

Resumo: A large proportion of the American population avails itself of a variety of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions. Allopathic practitioners often dismiss CAM because of distrust or a belief that there is no sound scientific evidence that has established its utility. However, although not widely appreciated, there are thousands of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have addressed the efficacy of CAM. We reviewed the RCTs of herbal and other natural products, acupuncture, and homeopathy as examples of typical CAM modalities, focusing on conditions of interest to gastroenterologists. Peppermint (alone or in combination) has supportive evidence for use in patients with dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and as an intraluminal spasmolytic agent during barium enemas or endoscopy. Ginger appeared to be effective in relieving nausea and vomiting due to motion sickness or pregnancy. Probiotics were useful in childhood diarrhea or in diarrhea due to antibiotics; one particular formulation (VSL#3) prevented pouchitis. Acupuncture appeared to ameliorate postoperative nausea and vomiting and might be useful elsewhere. There is even a suggestion that homeopathy has efficacy in treatment of gastrointestinal problems or symptoms. The major problem in interpreting these CAM data is the generally low quality of the RCTs, although that quality might not be different compared to RCTs in the general medical literature. Gastroenterologists should become familiar with these techniques; it is likely that their patients already are.

The plant kingdom as a source of anti-ulcer remedies.

Phytother Res;14(8):581-91, 2000 Dec. Borrelli F; Izzo AA

Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples 'Federico II', via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy. Resumo: Phytogenic agents have traditionally been used by herbalists and indigenous healers for the prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer. This article reviews the anti-acid/anti-peptic, gastro-protective and/or anti-ulcer properties of the most commonly employed herbal medicines and their identified active constituents. Botanical compounds with anti-ulcer activity include flavonoids (i.e. quercetin, naringin, silymarin, anthocyanosides, sophoradin derivatives) saponins (i.e. from Panax japonicus and Kochia scoparia), tannins (i.e. from Linderae umbellatae), gums and mucilages (i.e. gum guar and myrrh). Among herbal drugs, liquorice, aloe gel and capsicum (chilli) have been used extensively and their clinical efficacy documented. Also, ethnomedical systems employ several plant extracts for the treatment of peptic ulcer. Despite progress in conventional chemistry and pharmacology in producing effective drugs, the plant kingdom might provide a useful source of new anti-ulcer compounds for development as pharmaceutical entities or, alternatively, as simple dietary adjuncts to existing therapies.

Alcachofra

Efficacy of artichoke leaf extract in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia: a six-week placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre trial.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Dec;18(11-12):1099-105
Holtmann G, Adam B, Haag S, Collet W, Grunewald E, Windeck T.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of artichoke leaf extract (ALE) in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT), 247 patients with functional dyspepsia were recruited and treated with either a commercial ALE preparation (2 x 320 mg plant extract t.d.s.) or a placebo. The primary efficacy variable was the sum score of the patient's weekly rating of the overall change in dyspeptic symptoms (four-point scale). Secondary variables were the scores of each dyspeptic symptom and the quality of life (QOL) as assessed by the Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI). RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-seven patients were enrolled, and data from 244 patients (129 active treatment, 115 placebo) were suitable for inclusion in the statistical analysis (intention-to-treat). The overall symptom improvement over the 6 weeks of treatment was significantly greater with ALE than with the placebo (8.3 +/- 4.6, vs. 6.7 +/- 4.8, P < 0.01). Similarly, patients treated with ALE showed significantly greater improvement in the global quality-of-life scores (NDI) compared with the placebo-treated patients (- 41.1 +/- 47.6 vs. - 24.8 +/- 35.6, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The ALE preparation tested was significantly better than the placebo in alleviating symptoms and improving the disease-specific quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia.

Alecrin de Jardim

Antiulcerogenic activity of crude hydroalcoholic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2000 Jan;69(1):57-62.
Dias PC, Foglio MA, Possenti A, de Carvalho JE.
Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Quimicas, Biologicas e Agricolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Rosmarinus officinalis L. crude hydroalcoholic (70%) extract was evaluated for antiulcerogenic activity employing different experimental models. The crude hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) decreased the ulcerative lesion index produced by indomethacin, ethanol and reserpine in rats. No antisecretory activity was observed on pyloric ligation model. The previous administration of L-NAME, a NO-synthase inhibitor, did not reduce the antiulcerogenic activity of CHE in ethanol induced ulcer model, suggesting that the pharmacological mechanism has no relationship with nitric oxide (NO). Whereas when the animal groups were treated with indomethacin, using the same experimental model, CHE did not reduce the antiulcerogenic activity, suggesting that the pharmacological mechanism has no relationship with prostaglandins. The previous treatment with N-ethymaleimide, a thiol blocker, including mucosal nonprotein sulfhydryl groups, reduced the anitulcerogenic activity of CHE on ethanol induced ulcer model. This result suggests that the crude hydroalcoholic extract of R. officinalis L. has active substances that increase the mucosal nonprotein sulfhydryl groups content. In another hypothesis, the pharmacological mechanism could be attributed to the activity of antioxidant compounds found in the crude hydroalcoholic extract which can react with N-ethylmaleimide.

Alho

Effect of garlic oil on ethanol induced gastric ulcers in rats.
Phytother Res. 2004 Jan;18(1):87-91.
Khosla P, Karan RS, Bhargava VK.
Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.

Garlic oil was evaluated for gastroprotective activity against ethanol induced ulcers. Reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of these ulcers. The possible involvement of garlic oil in restraining the oxidation process produced in gastric tissue was also investigated. The ulcer index, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity (GPx, catalase, SOD) were determined. Pretreatment with garlic oil in doses of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, 30 min before administration of ethanol (1 mL of 100%) caused a decrease in ulcer index and lipid peroxidation and ameliorated the decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels caused by ethanol. The result suggests that garlic oil possesses antioxidant properties and provides protection against ethanol induced gastric injury.

Garlic or jalapeno peppers for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 May;94(5):1200-2.
Graham DY, Anderson SY, Lang T.
Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

OBJECTIVE: There have been a number of reports that natural foods such as garlic, honey, and capsaicin can inhibit Helicobacter pylori in vitro and each report has suggested the natural ingredient be used for treatment of the infection. We investigated whether garlic or capsaicin-containing peppers would actually inhibit H. pylori in vivo. METHODS: We performed a prospective crossover study in healthy H. pylori-infected adults. We used the urea breath test to assess the status of the H. pylori infection. On separate days subjects received three test meals consisting of beef, tortillas, and salad with one of the following: fresh garlic (10 sliced cloves), capsaicin (six sliced fresh jalapenos), two tablets of bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol, positive control), or nothing added (negative control). Breath testing was done before the first meal, the evening meal, and the following morning. At least 2 days elapsed between the test substances. RESULTS: Twelve subjects participated (seven men, five women), with an average age of 41.4 yr, range 27-51 yr. Ten subjects received garlic, six received jalapenos, and 11 received bismuth. Neither garlic nor capsaicin had any in vivo effect on H. pylori (median urease activity 28.5 vs 39.8 and 43.7 vs 46.6 before and after garlic and jalapenos, respectively) (p > 0.8). Bismuth had a marked inhibitory effect (median 55.8 vs 14.3 before and after bismuth) (p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not support a role for either garlic or jalapenos in the treatment of H. pylori infection. Caution must be used when attempting to extrapolate data from in vitro studies to the in vivo condition

Alho e Helicobacter pylori

Pharmaceutical importance of Allium sativum L. 3. Antibacterial effects on Helicobacter pylori
Ceska Slov Farm. 2002 Jul;51(4):168-72.
[Article in Czech]
Sovova M, Sova P, Mrazova A.
Katedra farmaceuticke botaniky a ekologie Farmaceuticke fakulty Univerzity Karlovy, Hradec Kralove. sovova@faf.cuni.cz

The paper points out the risk factors which render possible the outbreak of infections due to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori manifesting itself as chronic gastritis. In a great extent it results in peptic and duodenal ulcers and can even lead to the development of adenocarcinoma and lymphoma of the stomach. The paper mentions the efficacy of previous and contemporary therapy. Possible use of garlic in the treatment of these infections is intensively investigated. At present mainly in vitro experiments showing promising results are performed. A minimum of experiments carried out with out-patients produced negative results. As they do not fulfill the parameters of clinical experiments, this question still remains open

Protection against Helicobacter pylori and other bacterial infections by garlic.
J Nutr. 2001 Mar;131(3s):1106S-8S.
Sivam GP.
Bastyr University, Research Institute, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA.

Louis Pasteur was the first to describe the antibacterial effect of onion and garlic juices. Historically, garlic has been used worldwide to fight bacterial infections. Allium vegetables, particularly garlic (Allium sativum L.) exhibit a broad antibiotic spectrum against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Noteworthy results published include the following: 1) raw juice of garlic was found to be effective against many common pathogenic bacteria-intestinal bacteria, which are responsible for diarrhea in humans and animals; 2) garlic is effective even against those strains that have become resistant to antibiotics; 3) the combination of garlic with antibiotics leads to partial or total synergism; 4) complete lack of resistance has been observed repeatedly; 5) even toxin production by microorganisms is prevented by garlic. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium implicated in the etiology of stomach cancer and ulcers. The incidence of stomach cancer is lower in populations with a high intake of allium vegetables. We have demonstrated in vitro that H. pylori is susceptible to garlic extract at a fairly moderate concentration. Even some antibiotic-resistant H. pylori strains are susceptible to garlic. Clinical trials are necessary to explore the possibility of using garlic as a low-cost remedy for eradicating H. pylori.

A pilot study to determine the effectiveness of garlic oil capsules in the treatment of dyspeptic patients with Helicobacter pylori.
Helicobacter. 2001 Sep;6(3):249-53.
McNulty CA, Wilson MP, Havinga W, Johnston B, O'Gara EA, Maslin DJ.
Public Health Laboratory, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK.

BACKGROUND: Resistance of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin and metronidazole is now found worldwide. Steam-distilled garlic oil has in vitro activity against H. pylori and may be a useful alternative treatment strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this pilot study dyspeptic patients with positive serology for H. pylori confirmed by 13C urea breath test (UBT), at 0 and 2 weeks, were enrolled. Treatment consisted of one 4 mg garlic oil capsule with a meal four times per day for 14 days. H. pylori eradication was defined as a negative UBT at both follow-up appointments. Suppression was defined as a 50% fall in 13C excess between baseline and follow-up 1. RESULTS: Five patients completed the study. There was no evidence of either eradication or suppression of H. pylori or symptom improvement whilst taking garlic oil. CONCLUSION: These negative results show that, within the gastric milieu, garlic oil at this dose does not inhibit H. pylori. A higher dose administered for a longer time-period may be effective. Antibiotics are usually combined with a proton-pump inhibitor or bismuth salt, as the only antibiotic with any in vivo activity against H. pylori in monotherapy is clarithromycin. A proton pump inhibitor raises gastric pH and, by increasing bacterial division, may increase the in vivo activity of garlic oil. This may be worth pursuing in a future trial.

Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori by garlic extract (Allium sativum).

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol;13(4):273-7, 1996 Apr. Cellini L; Di Campli E; Masulli M; Di Bartolomeo S; Allocati N

Resumo: The antibacterial effect of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) was investigated against Helicobacter pylori. Sixteen clinical isolates and three reference strains of H. pylori were studied. Two different varieties of garlic were used. The concentration of AGE required to inhibit the bacterial growth was between 2-5 mg ml-1. The concentration, for both AGE types, to inhibit 90% (MIC90) of isolates was 5 mg ml-1. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was usually equal to, or two-fold higher than, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Heat treatment of extracts reduced the inhibitory or bactericidal activity against H. pylori; the boiled garlic extract showed a loss of efficacy from two- to four-fold the values of MIC and the MBC obtained with fresh AGE. The antibacterial activity of garlic was also studied after combination with a proton pump-inhibitor (omeprazole) in a ratio of 250:1. A synergistic effect was found in 47% of strains studied; an antagonistic effect was not observed.

Effects of garlic compounds diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide on arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in strains of Helicobacter pylori from peptic ulcer patients .

Am J Chin Med;26(3-4):353-64, 1998. Chung JG; Chen GW; Wu LT; Chang HL; Lin JG; Yeh CC; Wang TF

Department of Medicine, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan.

Resumo: Arylamine N-acctyltransferase (NAT) activities with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) were determined in the bacterium Helicobacter pylori collected from peptic ulcer patients. Two assay systems were performed, one with cellular cytosols, the other with intact cell suspensions. Cytosols or suspensions of H. pylori with or without specific concentrations of diallyl sulfide (DAS) or diallyl disulfide (DADS) co-treatment showed different percentages of 2-AF and PABA acetylation. The data indicated that there was decreased NAT activity associated with increased levels of DAS or DADS in H. pylori cytosols and suspensions. Viability studies on H. pylori demonstrated that DAS or DADS elicited dose-dependent bactericide affects on H. pylori cultures. The data also indicated that DAS and DADS decreased the apparent values of K(m) and Vmax of NAT enzyme from H. pylori in both systems examined. This report is the first demonstration that garlic components can affect H. pylori growth and NAT activity.

Angelica

Antiulcerogenic effect of some gastrointestinally acting plant extracts and their combination.
Arzneimittelforschung. 2001;51(7):545-53.
Khayyal MT, el-Ghazaly MA, Kenawy SA, Seif-el-Nasr M, Mahran LG, Kafafi YA, Okpanyi SN.

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Extracts from the plants Iberis amara, Melissa officinalis, Matricaria recutita, Carum carvi, Mentha x piperita, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Angelica archangelica, Silybum marianum and Chelidonium majus, singly and combined in the form of a commercial preparation, STW 5 (Iberogast) and a modified formulation, STW 5-II, lacking the last 3 constituents, were tested for their potential anti-ulcerogenic activity against indometacin induced gastric ulcers of the rat as well as for their antisecretory and cytoprotective activities. All extracts produced a dose dependent anti-ulcerogenic activity associated with a reduced acid output and an increased mucin secretion, an increase in prostaglandin E2 release and a decrease in leukotrienes. The effect on pepsin content was rather variable and did not seem to bear a relationship with the anti-ulcerogenic activity. The most beneficial effects were observed with the combined formulations STW 5 and STW 5-II in a dose of 10 ml/kg b.w., comparable with cimetidine in a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. The anti-ulcerogenic activity of the extracts was also confirmed histologically. The cytoprotective effect of the extracts could be partly due to their flavonoid content and to their free radical scavenging properties.

Alcaçuz - licorice

Pseudohyperaldosteronism secondary to licorice poisoning associated with hemorrhagic gastritis

Pediatr Med Chir;19(3):219-21, 1997 May-Jun Cataldo F; Di Stefano P; Violante M; Traverso G; Mulè M

Divisione di Pediatria, Clinica Pediatrica R, P.O. Aiuto Materno di Palermo, Italia..

País de publicação: ITALY

Resumo: The case is described of a 6 1/2-year-old child with pseudohyperaldosteronism due to excessive and prolonged liquorice ingestion. The authors debate its differential diagnosis, its physiopathological mechanism (glycyrrhetinic acid, the active metabolite of liquorice, inhibits the conversion of cortisol in cortisone) and its unusual association with haemorrhagic gastritis never observed in the course of liquorice intoxication.

The use of licorice juice in gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcer

Minerva Med;58(27):1183-5, 1967 Apr 4. Angeleri C

País de publicação: ITALY

Clinical trial of the preparation Caved S in treating peptic ulcer

Vutr Boles;14(4):101-6, 1975. Brailski KH; Kadiian KH; Bozhiianov V

País de publicação: BULGARIA

Resumo: The observations upon the therapeutic effect of Caved S preparation are reported, being a combination of deglycyrrhizinated liquorice, alkalizing substances and vagolytic drugs. The clinical trial of the medicine reveals it to be with a quick effect on the subjective complaints good tolerance and no manifested disturbances on water and electrolyte balance. It is suitable for the treatment of patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers. Ulcer niche roentgenologically is healed in 37,5% of the patients with gastric ulcer and in 33% in the patients with duodenal ulcer. Endoscopically, the niche is healed in 25% of the patients with gastric ulcer and in 28,5%--with duodenal ulcer. The medicine is with no effect in cases of gastric callous ulcer, as well as with pyloric stenosis.

Liquorice preparations in the treatment of peptic ulcer

Cesk Gastroenterol Vyz;29(7):463-70, 1975 Oct. Ronsky R

País de publicação: CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Idioma: cze

Deglycyrrhizinised liquorice: a report of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in peptic ulcer.

Drugs;8(5):330-9, 1974. Brogden RN; Speight TM; Avery GS

País de publicação: SWITZERLAND

Capsaicina

Chili protects against aspirin-induced gastroduodenal mucosal injury in humans.

Dig Dis Sci;40(3):580-3, 1995 Mar. Yeoh KG; Kang JY; Yap I; Guan R; Tan CC; Wee A; Teng CH

Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.

Resumo: Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of chili, has a gastroprotective effect against experimental gastric mucosal injury in animals. Such an effect has not, however, been documented in humans to date. Eighteen healthy volunteers with normal index endoscopies underwent two studies four weeks apart. Each subject took 20 g chili orally with 200 ml water in one study and 200 ml water in another study. In each case this was followed half an hour later by 600 mg aspirin BP with 200 ml water. Endoscopy was repeated 6 hr later. Gastroduodenal mucosal damage was assessed by a previously validated scoring system. The median gastric injury score after chili was 1.5 compared to 4 in the control group (P < 0.05), demonstrating a gastroprotective effect of chili in human subjects.

Chili--protective factor against peptic ulcer?

Dig Dis Sci;40(3):576-9, 1995 Mar. Kang JY; Yeoh KG; Chia HP; Lee HP; Chia YW; Guan R; Yap I

Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore. Resumo: The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and amount of chili taken by peptic ulcer patients and control subjects. One hundred three Chinese patients with peptic ulcer and 87 control patients were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. Those subjects who deliberately avoided chili use because of symptoms or advice from friends or medical practitioners were excluded. The median number of times of chili use per month was eight in the ulcer group (25-75% quartiles 1-30) compared to 24 (8-56) in the control group (P < 0.001). The median amount of chili used per month was 312 units (25-75% quartiles 38-899) in the ulcer group compared to 834 units (274-1892) in the control group (P < 0.001). The odds ratio of having peptic ulcer disease, adjusted for age, sex, analgesic use, and smoking by multiple logistic regression, was 0.47 (95% confidence intervals: 0.25-0.89) for subjects who had a higher intake of chili both in terms of frequency as well as amount used compared to those who took less chili. Our data support the hypothesis that chili use has a protective effect against peptic ulcer disease.

The effect of red pepper on gastric secretion in Ethiopia.

Ethiop Med J;16(3):111-3, 1978 Jul.

Johnson LP; Girma B; Zenabett HL; Wondemu M; Worku S

País de publicação: ETHIOPIA

Effect of red chilli powder on gastric mucosal barrier and acid secretion.

Indian J Med Res;66(3):440-8, 1977 Sep. Desai HG; Venugopalan K; Philipose M; Zaveri MP; Kalro RH; Antia FP

País de publicação: INDIA

Helicobacter pylori e plantas de Madagascar

Preliminary study of the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Tananarive, Madagascar and the antibacterial activity in vitro of 13 Malagasy medicinal plants on this germ

Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar;59(1):9-23, 1991. Cassel-Beraud AM; Le Jan J; Mouden JC; Andriantsoa M; Andriantsiferana R

Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo.

País de publicação: MADAGASCAR

Resumo: Helicobacter pylori infection has been studied in 60 patients who were suffering from either a peptic ulcer disease or a gastritis complaint. Helicobacter pylori was searched in antral biopsy specimens using standard bacteriological methods (Gram-staining urea-test, culture) and histological staining techniques (hematoxylin-eosin-saffron, undifferentiated Giemsa). The culture was successful in 40 cases. The antibacterial activity of 13 malagasy medicinal plants has been tested versus Helicobacter pylori using disc method on agar culture. For five extracts, we observed an anti-Helicobacter pylori activity which would deserve further investigations.

A double-blind study of effectiveness of hericium erinaceus pers therapy on chronic atrophic gastritis. A preliminary report.

Chin Med J (Engl);98(6):455-6, 1985 Jun. Xu CP; Liu WW; Liu FX; Chen SS; Liao FQ; Xu Z; Jiang LG; Wang CA; Lu XH

País de publicação: CHINA

Treatment of bile reflux gastritis with traditional Chinese medicine. An analysis of 21 cases.

J Tradit Chin Med;4(3):233-6, 1984 Sep. Jiang YQ

Treatment of 36 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis with [quot ]Wei-An[quot ] No. I and II--comparative pathological analysis by gastroscopy and biopsy

Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi;1(2):80, 1981 Oct. Wang L

País de publicação: CHINA

Treatment of inflammatory and ulcerous diseases of the stomach and duodenum using Suczulen compositum

ZFA (Stuttgart);53(3):170-3, 1977 Jan 31. Hehemann K

País de publicação: GERMANY, WEST

Anti-ulcerogenic activity of some plants used as folk remedy in Turkey.

J Ethnopharmacol;88(1):93-7, 2003 Sep. Gürbüz I; Ustün O; Yesilada E; Sezik E; Kutsal O

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 6330 Ankara, Turkey.

Resumo: Five herbal remedies used as gastroprotective crude drugs in Turkey were assessed for anti-ulcerogenic activity using the EtOH-induced ulcerogenesis model in rat. The crude drugs investigated comprises fruits of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Elaeagnaceae), fresh fruits of Hibiscus esculentus L. (Malvaceae), fresh roots of Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae), leaves of Phlomis grandiflora H.S. Thomson (Lamiaceae) and fresh fruits of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae). Extracts were prepared according to the traditional indications of use. Under our experimental conditions, all extracts exhibited statistically significant gastroprotective effect with better results for Phlomis grandiflora and Rosa canina (100%). At the concentration under study, both crude drugs were more effective than the reference compound misoprostol at 0.4 mg/kg. Even the weakest anti-ulcerogenic effect observed for Papaver rhoeas roots was found statistically potent (95.6%). Histopathological studies confirmed the results of the in vivo test.

Medicinal plants used for peptic ulcer in the Bangangte region, western Cameroon.

Fitoterapia;71(4):406-12, 2000 Aug. Noumi E; Dibakto TW

Laboratoire de Biologie Végétale, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, BP 47 Yaoundé, Cameroon. jtames@uycdc.uninet.cm

Resumo: Thirty-nine plant species, traditionally used to treat peptic ulcers in the Bangangte region, Western Cameroon, are reported.

Voacanga africana

Anti-ulcer compound from Voacanga africana with possible histamine H2 receptor blocking activity.

Phytomedicine;7(6):509-15, 2000 Dec. Tan PV; Nyasse B

Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon. tanpaul@uycdc.uninet.cm

Resumo: Voacanga africana is used in Cameroonian ethnomedicine for the treatment of peptic ulcers. We have tested the cytoprotective, anti-secretory and ulcer healing actions of an alkaloid (TN) obtained from the fruit extract. Oral administration of TN (50-100 mg/kg) dose-dependently prevented ulcer formation by HCl/ethanol (36-75%), absolute ethanol (43-75%), HCl-ethanol/indomethacin (58-84%), Pylorus ligation (31-100%), cold restraint stress (68-100%) and histamine (49-100%). The inhibitory effect at 50 and 100 mg/kg against HCl/ethanol was not suppressed by pre-treatment with indomethacin (20 mg/kg, i.p.). TN reduced Shay-ligated gastric acid secretion from 77 mEq/l in the controls to 46 and 25 mEq/l for the 50 and 100 mg/kg doses. Augmented histamine-induced gastric acid secretion was reduced from 84 mEq/l in the controls to 45 and 21 mEq/l for the two doses of TN, with total inhibition of gastric and duodenal ulcers by the 50 mg/kg dose. Healing rate of chronic acetic acid-induced ulcers was 62 and 83%, respectively, for the dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg of TN compared with the controls. TN has gastric anti-secretory effects similar to histamine receptor blockers. Its cytoprotective and ulcer healing properties are related to its ability to strengthen gastric mucosal defenses through enhanced gastric mucus production.

Evaluation of Nigerian traditional medicines: II. Effects of some Nigerian folk remedies on peptic ulcer.

J Ethnopharmacol;62(2):123-7, 1998 Sep. Akah PA; Orisakwe OE; Gamaniel KS; Shittu A

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Resumo: Antiulcer activity of four medicinal plants, Diodia sarmentosa (whole plant), Cassia nigricans (leaves), Ficus exasperata (leaves) and Synclisia scabrida (leaves), which are commonly used by the Nigerian traditional healers for the treatment of peptic ulcer were investigated. Acute toxicity tests were also carried out. The results revealed that the four extracts possess significant anti-ulcerogenic properties in a dose-dependent way. They protected rats from aspirin-induced ulcerogenesis, delayed intestinal transit, increased the pH, and decreased both the volume and acidity of gastric secretion. These results correlate with local use of the plants.

Tagetes patula

The therapeutic and prophylactic anti-ulcerogenic action of marigold (Tagetes patula L.) and sea buckthorn (Hippophae) oils in neurogenic ulcerative lesions caused by immobilization, noise and vibration

Lik Sprava;(1):172-6, 1998 Jan-Feb. Khizhazi AA

País de publicação: UKRAINE

Idioma: rus

Plantas da India

Effect of some Sitavirya drugs on gastric secretion and ulceration.

Indian J Exp Biol;35(10):1084-7, 1997 Oct.

De B; Maiti RN; Joshi VK; Agrawal VK; Goel RK

Department of Dravyaguna, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. País de publicação: INDIA

Resumo: Four Sitavirya plants viz. Satavari (fresh root juice, 1250 mg/kg), Yastimadhu (water decoction of root, 600 mg/kg), Kutaja and Aswattha (water decoctions of bark; 400 and 500 mg/kg respectively) were studied for their effects on different models of gastroduodenal ulcers in rats, when given orally for 3 days. All of them were found to protect the animals against 2 hr cold restraint stress and pylorus ligation-induced gastric and cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers. However, they were ineffective against acute aspirin-induced gastric ulcers. The antiulcerogenic effect could be due to their inhibitory effect on offensive acid-pepsin secretion and augmentation of mucosal defensive factors in terms of enhanced mucin secretion and decreased cell shedding.

Cuidado

The witchdoctor and the bowel.

S Afr Med J;56(8):308-10, 1979 Aug 25. Segal I; Tim LO

País de publicação: SOUTH AFRICA